Monash University researchers in Melbourne have discovered how a rogue protein produces ‘Jekyll and Hyde’ cancer cells. This exciting discovery could lead to improved treatments for melanoma and other cancers.

The world-first Monash University-led study focused on a protein called EZH2, which is known to promote the development and progression of many cancer types including melanoma.

Using laboratory models and human melanoma samples, Monash University Central Clinical School’s Cancer Development and Treatment Group found that EZH2 plays an essential role in generating more aggressive cells within tumours.

The team was led by Dr Gamze Kuser-Abali and Professor Mark Shackleton, who is also Alfred Health Director of Medical Oncology and Co-Director of the Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium (MPCCC).

Professor Shackleton and other oncologists observed that aggressive melanomas are often lighter in colour. The insight formed the basis of this research project. Through this research it was discovered that these lighter coloured cells are the ‘Mr Hyde’ and can become less aggressive like ‘Dr Jekyll’ with a flip of the protein switch EZH2. The researchers found that EZH2 causes some cells to produce less melanin, a pigment molecule, resulting in dangerous ‘Mr Hyde’ cells without colour that grow faster and are more likely to spread. Their less aggressive opposite, ‘Dr Jekyll’ cells in the same tumours are darker.

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How research helps with the discovery of treatment for melanoma

The researchers now hope that drugs can ultimately be developed to reduce the amount of EZH2 in cells to reverse its cancer-promoting effect. This could turn the fast-growing, dangerous Mr Hyde cells into slow-growing Dr Jekyll cells, potentially making the tumour less aggressive.

Professor Shackleton believes the discovery could potentially improve some cancer treatments.

“Our study sheds new light on the role of EZH2 in determining these differences in melanoma, offering a new potential treatment approach. By developing treatments that specifically target EZH2, we hope ultimately to improve cures and the quality of life for people affected by melanoma and other cancers driven by EZH2.”

Dr Kuser-Abali agreed:

“This discovery has opened avenues for designing new treatments that could be more effective than current ones. While there are no clinical trials or studies on the horizon yet, this discovery provides hope for those affected by these deadly cancers.”

MSCAN visit to the lab

MSCAN appreciated the opportunity to tour the Cancer Development and Treatment Group Laboratory. This was an exciting opportunity for researchers and MSCAN to share knowledge, learn about the exciting research underway and discuss the importance of consumer involvement in laboratory research.

We look forward to learning more about this fabulous research to help improve the landscape of melanoma and skin cancer treatments.

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